Why support is your true test of an operator
When a deposit stalls, a bonus fails to credit, or a withdrawal sits pending for days, the only thing standing between a player and a resolution is the customer support desk. That single interaction reveals more about an operator’s priorities than any homepage promise. On this page we look at how ten New Zealand‑facing casinos handle the hard moments, what to expect from their support teams, and the steps you can take to move from a template reply to a genuine answer. Every observation is an editorial judgement, not a mystery‑shopper exercise, and it anchors the advice that follows in the real concerns Kiwi players raise every month. The same operators are compared on payout speed in our best online casino payouts comparison. Welcome packages across these operators are compared in the best online casino bonus NZ guide.
A support interaction can turn a frustrating session into loyalty, or it can send a player searching for a safer alternative. The speed, clarity and personal touch of the reply matter, but so does the framework behind it: whether the operator has live chat that connects to a human, how many languages are truly supported, and what happens when the first response is a brushed‑off paragraph recycled from a knowledge base. By understanding these mechanics, you gain the ability to judge any online gambling NZ platform before you need to ask for help. Profiles of the operators themselves are collected in our NZ betting sites rundown. What a real-money session actually costs is compared in the best online casino NZ real money page.
| Operator | Live Chat | Phone | Social Media | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slotsdj | 24/7 | Yes | No | No |
| SpinGrande | 24/7 | Yes | No | Yes |
| Betninja | 08:00‑02:00 NZST | Yes | No | Yes |
| RocketPlay | 24/7 | Yes | No | Yes |
| SkyCity | 09:00‑23:00 NZST | Yes | Yes (local) | Yes |
| JackpotCity | 24/7 | Yes | No | No |
| Spin Casino | 24/7 | Yes | No | No |
| Ruby Fortune | 24/7 | Yes | No | No |
| Jonny Jackpot | 24/7 | Yes | No | Yes |
| Royal Panda | 07:00‑01:00 NZST | Yes | No | No |
What happens when something goes wrong at Best Online Casino sites in New Zealand?
- 2 daysQuickest verification — Betninja
- 2/10Sites offering full 2FA
- 7/10Sites with round-the-clock support
This is an editorial comparison, not an operator statement. Timings, limits and fees are indicative and should be checked before you commit money. 18+.
What the support setup says about the operator
Live chat availability as a litmus test
Operators that invest in round‑the‑clock live chat typically view support as a strategic differentiator, not a grudging cost. Those that limit chat to business hours or route it through a chatbot before a human joins often serve a higher proportion of template responses. In the New Zealand market, where many players log in after work or late at night, 24/7 human‑staffed chat is the single strongest indicator that a real person will read your ticket before drafting a reply. How these operators were ranked is set out in our best online casino NZ reviews comparison. Recently launched sites are assessed separately in new online casinos NZ.
Email‑only operations: what to watch for
A handful of operators rely almost exclusively on email. While a well‑structured email queue can still deliver answers within a few hours, the absence of live chat often correlates with longer first‑response windows and a reliance on scripted paragraphs. If an operator provides only email, the quality of the support experience depends heavily on how well the internal tagging system routes the ticket to a qualified agent, something the player cannot verify until they test it. The cost of play is broken down in spin city casino. What happens when something goes wrong is covered in the play free pokies guide.
| Channel | Best‑case response | Average window | When it drags |
|---|---|---|---|
| Live chat (human) | Under 2 minutes | 3‑8 minutes | 15‑25 minutes during peak load or complex queries |
| 24/7 email | 1‑3 hours | 6‑12 hours | 24‑48 hours if the first reply requests documents |
| Business‑hours email | 4‑6 hours | 12‑24 hours | 48‑72 hours over weekends and public holidays |
| Phone | Instant connection | 2‑5 minute hold | 15‑30 minutes during high‑volume periods |
Phone support and the local advantage
Phone support remains rare among New Zealand‑facing online casinos. When it exists, it almost always comes from operators with a land‑based licence or a deep local presence. A toll‑free or local‑rate line with Kiwi‑accent agents signals a commitment to service that is difficult to fake. A pleasant surprise for many players is that phone agents can often override system‑generated holds or escalate a stuck withdrawal faster than chat agents who are bound to a rigid workflow. The full cost of playing for real money is set out in the online pokies real money NZ page. For “what NZ online casino is best for slots?”, see the dedicated page.
For most players, the choice of channel is as simple as urgency. Live chat handles quick balance and bonus queries; email suits detailed disputes or verification submissions; phone, where available, becomes the last resort for things that have gone quiet for more than 48 hours. Knowing which channel exists at each operator changes the emotional arithmetic of a problem. Whether a newer operator is worth the risk is covered in our best new online casino NZ comparison. What happens when something goes wrong is covered in our leovegas NZ comparison.
Where each site lands on First reply
Ordered by First reply, best first. These are the working values used across this site, so the same operator shows the same numbers on every page here.
| # | Site | First reply | Channels | ID check from | Withdrawal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Betninja | 2 min | Live chat, Phone, Telegram | NZ$1,000 | 10–70 min |
| 2 | JackpotCity | 10 min | Live chat, Email | NZ$2,500 | 15–90 min |
| 3 | Ruby Fortune | 16 min | Email, WhatsApp, Telegram | NZ$1,000 | 45–105 min |
| 4 | SpinGrande | 18 min | Live chat, Email, Telegram | NZ$2,500 | 20–110 min |
| 5 | Slotsdj | 20 min | Live chat, Phone, Telegram | NZ$2,000 | 45–120 min |
| 6 | SkyCity | 22 min | WhatsApp, Phone | NZ$2,500 | 25–55 min |
| 7 | Spin Casino | 32 min | Live chat, Email, WhatsApp | NZ$5,000 | 45–75 min |
| 8 | Jonny Jackpot | 34 min | Live chat, WhatsApp, Telegram | NZ$2,500 | 20–65 min |
| 9 | RocketPlay | 34 min | Live chat, Phone, Telegram | NZ$2,000 | 30–45 min |
| 10 | Royal Panda | 40 min | Live chat, Phone | NZ$5,000 | 45–120 min |
Betninja takes the top slot on fastest first response (2 min). At the other end of the table Royal Panda sits at 40 min — the spread is the reason this page exists.
Figures in this table are an editorial estimate compiled for this comparison, not an operator quote — limits and timings change. Confirm in the cashier before you deposit. 18+.
Channels, hours and realistic first‑response times
Live chat response windows
The table above lists the current windows we observe across the evaluated operators. What it cannot capture is the variation inside those windows. A 24/7 chat label can mean a Dublin‑based team handing over to a Manila hub with seamless continuity, or it can mean an overnight skeleton crew that takes 20 minutes to type a greeting. The difference shows in the detail: whether the agent references your account history, uses your name, and addresses the exact error code or payment reference you supplied. A first reply that asks you to repeat information already pasted into the pre‑chat form wastes time and signals a workflow that prioritises volume over accuracy. For what is available before funding an account, see our no deposit bonus casino rundown. How the money gets in is covered separately in 5 dollar deposit casino.
Email turnarounds and escalation
Email remains the backbone for attachments and formal complaints. The editorial expectation, based on conversations with industry contacts, is that a properly staffed support desk should acknowledge a new email within one to three hours during working days. If that acknowledgement comes from a division manager rather than a generic support alias, the chances of a personalised answer rise significantly. When an email reply arrives after 24 hours and still contains “we have received your query and will get back to you,” the queue has likely overflowed, and the ticket may need a nudge through live chat. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in our wildz casino comparison. The cost of play is broken down in the Bitcoin casinos guide.
Phone and callback services
Phone lines that operate on a callback model—where a player leaves a number and receives a call within a promised interval—often test better than perpetual hold music. A callback promise of “within 30 minutes” that is consistently met is more reassuring than a 24/7 line where hold times spike unpredictably. For disputes involving larger sums, a phone conversation with a retention or payments specialist can settle a misunderstood term faster than weeks of email tennis. Response times and escalation routes are measured in the Christchurch casino online guide. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in the Apple Pay page.
The issues players actually raise, and who resolves them fastest
Payment‑related queries dominate
Delayed withdrawals, missing deposits, and mismatched bank names generate the majority of support tickets. Operators that maintain a dedicated payments team—often accessible as a separate queue in live chat—resolve these cases one to two days faster than those who run every query through the same generalist agents. When the payment team can see the transaction log in real time and communicate directly with the processor, a stuck withdrawal can move from “pending” to “processed” within a single shift. The related figures are collected in the video poker page. The smallest workable deposits are compared in the $1 deposit casino NZ page.
The best online casino NZ fast withdrawal performance is often a reflection of how that back‑office‑to‑support pipeline is wired. Some operators give chat agents the authority to cancel a pending withdrawal on the spot so the player can adjust a payment method; others require a formal ticket that takes half a day to reach the finance department. Knowing which camp your operator falls into helps set realistic expectations.
Bonus terms and wagering confusion
Free spins that fail to credit, maximum bet limits triggered during bonus play, and game‑weighting tables that exclude entire categories of slots generate a steady flow of tickets. Agents who can explain the exact rule that caused the forfeiture—not just paste a link to the terms page—resolve these disputes faster. The operators listed on this page vary widely: a few train their staff to walk players through the wagering tracker screen‑by‑screen, while others deflect with a blanket “the system calculates this automatically, and its decision is final.” What happens when something goes wrong is covered in the wheelz casino guide. For what is available before funding an account, see best online casino NZ free spins no deposit.
Technical glitches and game disputes
Crashes during a bonus round, disconnections on a live casino table, or balance updates that lag by several minutes create a special category of urgency. The fastest‑responding operators have a technical‑escalation protocol that flags game IDs and timestamps to the provider within an hour. Slower operators ask the player to wait three to five business days while the game log is retrieved, a timeline that feels unreasonable when a sizable win is at stake.
Account access and password resets
While straightforward on paper, account lockouts can expose how an operator handles security. The balance between rapid resets and identity verification is delicate. The best approach we observe is a two‑step reset that sends a time‑sensitive link to the registered email or phone, followed by a short security question if the request comes from a new device. Operators that force a full KYC re‑upload for every password reset add friction that frustrates users and drives tickets about the support process itself. If the entry cost matters more than the offer size, the minimum deposit $1 get $20 NZ guide ranks the same sites by it.
Problems, causes and what actually resolves them
What actually goes wrong, what causes it and what resolves it — with the time each fix realistically takes.
| Symptom | Cause | Fix | Typical time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template reply that answers nothing | First-line agent working from a script | Ask a single, specific question with the ticket reference; multi-part tickets get multi-part templates | 2 min |
| Ticket reference lost | Chat session closed before the transcript was sent | Request the transcript by email at the end of every chat | Immediate |
| Verification stuck in review | Documents unreadable or names mismatched | Re-upload flat, uncropped scans with all corners visible | 2 days |
| Withdrawal query bounced between departments | Payments team handles cashier issues, not first line | Ask for the payments team by name in the first message | 24 hours |
| No response outside business hours | Support runs 24/7 | Time the request to the start of the support window, not the end | — |
Verification handled as a support process, with timings
Documents required and why
Most operators in the New Zealand market require a clear photo or scan of a government‑issued ID, a recent utility bill or bank statement, and sometimes a photo of the payment method (card with middle digits obscured). The purpose is anti‑money‑laundering compliance, not obstruction. When the request is made at the deposit stage, it can feel invasive; when it is triggered at the first withdrawal, it often causes a delay that players mistake for a deliberate stall tactic. See the online pokies NZ page for background on this topic.
- Passport, driver licence or national ID card
- Utility bill, bank statement or rates notice dated within 3 months
- Front of card or screenshot of e‑wallet showing name (if relevant)
- Occasional notarisation request for large lifetime withdrawals
How long verification takes at different operators
Verification windows on our recommended list range from under one hour for operators with automated document‑reading software to 72 hours for those that rely solely on manual reviews. The table below summarises the typical editorial picture drawn from feedback channels and published operator targets. When a casino advertises “instant verification,” it usually means an optical character recognition system pre‑approves standard‑format documents, leaving only edge cases for human review. Offers that need no deposit at all are compared in the king billy casino no deposit bonus guide.
| Operator tier | Typical verification window | Common bottleneck |
|---|---|---|
| Automated + manual fallback | 10 minutes to 2 hours | Blurred images or mismatched addresses |
| Manual review (dedicated team) | 2 to 24 hours | Weekend and holiday backlogs |
| Manual review (general support) | 24 to 72 hours | Ticket routed to wrong department |
When KYC delays payout requests
A withdrawal flagged for KYC mid‑process is the most common support flashpoint. The advice from industry experts is simple: submit documents the moment you register, even if not immediately requested, so the pending period runs 0‑12 hours instead of stretching across several days after you have already waited for a payout. Operators such as JackpotCity and Spin Casino allow early document upload in the account settings, while others only trigger the request after a withdrawal reaches a certain threshold. If your withdrawal hits a balance‑based trigger (commonly NZ$2,000–NZ$5,000 cumulative), expecting an extra 24‑48 hours of review is prudent. This is picked up again in spinz.
How to write a ticket that gets a real answer
Essential details to include
Every piece of information you omit will be asked for in a follow‑up template. State the exact error message, the time and date of the incident, the payment method and amount, the game name and round ID if relevant, and attach a screenshot. A clear subject line such as “Withdrawal #782156 stuck since 08/06/2026 – NZ$300 via Skrill” dramatically increases the chance that the ticket lands on the right desk on the first routing pass. For more context, see galactic wins casino.
Tone and clarity matter
Agents are trained to de‑escalate, but a ticket that simply demands immediate action without context is more likely to receive a polite holding response. Describe what happened in three or four sentences, state the outcome you want, and mention if you have already completed any troubleshooting steps. A respectful tone does not weaken the complaint; it tells the agent you are a serious player who will escalate if needed, which many systems flag for priority handling. A separate page, our online slots NZ comparison, goes into this in detail.
What to leave out
Threats to close the account rarely speed up a resolution because retention workflows kick in separately. Accusations of fraud without evidence trigger a mandatory security review that can freeze your account for days. Stick to the facts, include the transaction reference, and end with a clear question such as “can you confirm the expected processing date for this withdrawal?” That single closing line forces a measurable reply. For the neighbouring question, see PayPal casino NZ.
Escalation path when the first reply is a template
Recognising template responses
Template replies often contain phrases like “our relevant department is working on your case,” “please allow up to 10 business days,” or “we apologise for the inconvenience caused.” If the reply does not mention your specific transaction ID, does not answer the question you asked, and reads identical to support‑page FAQs, you have received a placeholder. Mark it in your records and move to the next step immediately rather than waiting the stated period. There is more on this in cosmo casino.
Asking for a supervisor
On live chat, politely type: “I believe this requires a supervisor review. Could you please escalate my ticket #___?” In email, reply to the same thread and ask for escalation to a team leader. Most licensed operators have a formal escalation procedure that a support agent must follow when asked. If the agent refuses, note their name and the timestamp, then use an alternative channel (phone or social media direct message) to request the same escalation, referencing the original ticket. The same operators are compared from a different angle in the skycity online casino page.
| Step | Action | Expected response |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Receive template reply; verify it does not answer the query | — |
| 2 | Request escalation via same channel, quoting ticket number | Supervisor assigned within 2‑4 hours (business days) |
| 3 | If no supervisor contacts you within 24 hours, reach out via a different channel | Re‑assignment or phone callback |
| 4 | If still unresolved after 5 business days, initiate a formal complaint through the operator’s published complaints page | Written acknowledgement within 48 hours |
| 5 | After exhausting the internal complaints procedure (typically 8 weeks), approach the licensing authority | Regulator reviews case independently |
Using complaint forms and regulatory channels
Every operator on this page holds a licence that requires a documented complaints process. The best online casino NZ listing includes operators that display their complaints procedure openly, usually in the footer under “Complaints” or “Dispute Resolution.” When you file a formal complaint, attach all previous correspondence, and state explicitly that you have not received a satisfactory answer. The licence number—visible on the site—should be referenced so the regulator can identify the operator immediately. Keep in mind that regulators do not adjudicate every payout dispute; they assess whether the operator followed its own terms and licence conditions.
How it runs, start to finish
Timings are the working values for this comparison; the stage that varies most between operators is marked in the table above.
- 1
Open the ticket in the right channelunder 1 min
Live chat for anything blocking play, email for anything needing an attachment. Betninja runs support 24/7.
- 2
First response2 min
A first reply is not a resolution. Note the ticket reference — without it, a second contact starts the queue over.
- 3
Provide documents once2 days
Verification requests are the most common ticket. Sending all documents in one message shortens the round trip more than any other action.
- 4
Escalation24–72 hours
Ask explicitly for the complaint to be escalated and for the reference. Template replies repeat until the word 'complaint' appears.
- 5
External routeup to 8 weeks
If the operator's internal process is exhausted, the licence holder's dispute service is the next step — which is why the licence matters.
Support quality and operator reputation
Reputation in the New Zealand market does not rest on bonus size alone. Word of mouth and community sentiment often amplify a single poor support experience far more than a dozen flawless transactions. The operators we list that maintain an above‑average rating tend to invest in agent training programmes that cover local gambling law, payment psychology, and cultural norms rather than generic call‑centre scripts. A player who feels understood after a problem is far more likely to return, and that retention effect is measurable in the monthly active‑player counts shown in the comparison table above. Response times and escalation routes are measured in the casumo casino guide.
In the wider ecosystem, a safe online casino NZ is one that resolves complaints transparently and learns from them. Operators that publish service‑level commitments—response within 4 hours for emails, live chat answer within 45 seconds—and then actually meet those commitments build a reputation that the best online casino NZ platforms rely on. Conversely, operators that delete complaints from social media or respond with form letters in every channel rarely retain high‑value players for more than a few months.
Payment delays: when support becomes critical
Withdrawal windows and pending periods
A pending period of 0‑24 hours is considered standard among the operators listed on this page. The table above shows the ranges for each brand. What triggers an additional manual review varies: a withdrawal amount exceeding NZ$2,000, a new payment method not used before, or a change of payment details within 72 hours of the request. When a payment department flags a withdrawal, the queue time can extend by 12‑72 hours even if the player has already passed full verification. Support agents who can clearly explain why the flag occurred and what will release it reduce the anxiety that drives follow‑up tickets. The cost of play is broken down in Christchurch casino online pokies.
- Standard pending: 0‑12 hours (most operators)
- Extended pending due to review: 24‑72 hours
- Processing after approval: instant for e‑wallets, 1‑3 banking days for cards and bank transfers
Account closures and responsible gambling interventions
Support teams play a delicate role when a player requests self‑exclusion or a permanent account closure. The fastest operators action a self‑exclusion request within minutes and block marketing communications instantly. A slower, risk‑averse approach may require a 24‑hour cooling‑off period and a phone confirmation, which can frustrate a player who has already made the decision. For permanent closures prompted by problem gambling, responsible operators ask few questions and focus on returning any remaining balance promptly; the edgiest cases involve back‑and‑forth about withdrawal methods that were not used for deposits, which can delay the final payout by several days. Response times and escalation routes are measured in our online gambling NZ rundown.
When a high‑roller asks what NZ online casino is best for high rollers?, the answer often includes a reference to VIP support. Dedicated account managers are trained to handle large‑sum withdrawals and bonus negotiations without clogging the general queue. The existence of a VIP‑only phone line or instant‑messaging app contact separates operators that truly value high‑volume play from those that merely offer higher table limits.
The pre-flight checks
Confirm the numbers in the cashier
Everything on this page is a comparison estimate; the cashier is the authority. Start with the minimum (NZ$10) and the fee (NZ$2 flat).
Complete verification early
Documents clear in about 2 days. Doing it before the first withdrawal removes the single most common delay.
Set deposit and session limits first
Tools available: deposit limits, loss limits, cool-off, self-exclusion, wager limits. They are easier to set before a session than during one.
Match the account names
The bank account name and the casino profile name must be identical or transfers reverse.
Keep the payment route consistent
Depositing with one method and withdrawing to another triggers a manual review at most operators.
Technology issues that need human help
Login failures after a software update, two‑factor authentication codes that never arrive, or a game that freezes midway through a bonus buy require a support team that can access the backend logs quickly. Operators that equip frontline agents with a read‑only view of the account log can resolve such issues without escalating every ticket. Some operators now use co‑browsing technology, with the player’s consent, to see exactly what appears on screen, slashing resolution time for mobile‑specific glitches. The best mobile online casino NZ operators are those whose support staff can walk a player through an app cache clear or a browser setting without referring to a developer document.
Language and cultural support for NZ players
English is the default, but a support desk that understands New Zealand English—acknowledging that “pokies” means slot games, that “EFTPOS” is a distinct payment rail, and that “fortnight” is a common timeframe—builds trust faster than one that insists on American phrasing. A few operators offer Māori greetings or have Pacific‑Island‑language pages, though this remains minimal. The practical difference is clarity: when an agent parrots “slots” while you typed “pokies,” the feeling is one of distance, not connection. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in the skycity casino Auckland guide.
Comparing live chat depth: bots vs agents
Many chat windows start with a bot that collects your name, email and query type before passing the chat to a human. A well‑designed bot can shorten the time to the right department; a poorly built one loops endlessly through FAQ suggestions. Editors note that bots capable of handling only five or six predetermined paths often waste more time than they save. A good test: ask the bot “I cannot withdraw because my verification is stuck,” and see whether it offers a real solution or simply asks if you want to read the verification policy again. Wagering is what decides an offer's real value — the best casino bonus NZ page compares the terms side by side.
Questions with numbers attached
What does it cost to start?
NZ$10 at Betninja, with None in operator fees. Withdrawals return 10–70 min once approved.
What are the limits?
NZ$7,500 a day and NZ$90,000 a month here, with a NZ$50 minimum on the way out.
Is verification required?
Yes, once — usually triggered around NZ$1,000 in cumulative withdrawals. It takes about 2 days.
What is in the game library?
3600 titles at Betninja, including 2550 pokies and 105 live tables, from 28 studios.
How responsive is support?
24/7, first reply around 2 min, via live chat, phone, telegram.
Figures in this table are an editorial estimate compiled for this comparison, not an operator quote — limits and timings change. Confirm in the cashier before you deposit. 18+.
How promotional disputes test support
Free spins not credited
Free spins that depend on a deposit or a bonus code are the most common promotional complaint. A well‑trained agent will check the opt‑in status, the deposit timestamp, and whether the player met any minimum‑deposit‑within‑X‑days rule, then manually credit the spins if the system failed. Operators that insist “the bonus will be credited automatically within 48 hours” without checking the back end often generate a second ticket one or two days later. Our editorial list includes operators where agents have direct access to the bonus engine, a feature that drastically reduces resolution time. What happens when something goes wrong is covered in the Trustpilot NZ page.
Disputes about casino games features—whether a particular slot contributed 100% or 0% to wagering, or whether a blackjack hand was settled correctly—require a different support skillset. Operators that can retrieve the game round history from the provider within minutes retain player goodwill. Those that simply cite the terms and conditions without examining the game log open the door to the complaints process. In these scenarios, insisting on a detailed hand history or spin log is the most effective way to get past a template.
Self‑help resources: before you open a ticket
FAQ and knowledge bases
A searchable help centre that covers payment timelines, verification documents, bonus expiry rules, and responsible gambling tools can answer 70% of common queries without human intervention. Operators that invest in video walkthroughs for account verification or withdrawal steps reduce ticket volume and allow agents to focus on complex cases. Before contacting support, checking whether the help centre already contains the exact answer can save hours of waiting. Response times and escalation routes are measured in the online poker guide.
- Search for the error message or exact term
- Check the “payments” section for pending‑time commitments
- Look for a “my bonuses” page that shows active wagering progress
- Confirm that your submitted documents meet the stated specifications (file size, format)
The future of NZ casino support: 2026 licensing changes
The Online Casino Gambling Bill, which received royal assent in May 2026, will eventually require licensees to meet minimum customer‑support standards. While the exact wording of the regulations is still being drafted, the Department of Internal Affairs has signalled that 24/7 support, a published complaints procedure, and response‑time targets are likely to become licence conditions. Operators that already offer these features will have a compliance head start; those that currently rely on offshore support with limited oversight may need to rebuild their service desks. The three‑stage licensing process, with expression‑of‑interest submissions expected from July 2026, places support capability firmly on the checklist. For players, this means that a template reply may soon violate the very licence that allows the operator to serve New Zealand. Response times and escalation routes are measured in our jackpot city NZ rundown.
All the operators on this page are preparing for the new regime, and their support structures give a reliable preview of the service levels the regulated market will enforce. In the meantime, a player who treats every ticket as a formal record and follows the escalation steps outlined above retains control over the outcome, however the regulation evolves. The cost of play is broken down in our top online casinos NZ rundown.










